What Is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm, also know as an arrhythmia, that originates in the heart’s upper chambers (atria). Instead of beating in a coordinated way, the atria quiver or “fibrillate,” leading to an irregular heartbeat. Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder
AFib can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications if left untreated.
What Does AFib Feel Like?
Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people experience no symptoms at all, while others may feel:
- Palpitations-rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue or weakness
- Chest discomfort
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Anxiety
AFib may be intermittent (paroxysmal) or persistent/chronic, requiring different levels of care.
What Causes Atrial Fibrillation?
AFib can develop in both healthy and diseased hearts. Common causes and risk factors include:
- High blood pressure
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart valve disease
- Heart failure
- Thyroid disorders
- Sleep apnea
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Age (more common after 60)
- Family history of Atrial Fibrillation
Is AFib Serious?
Afib increases the risk of:
- Stroke
- Heart failure
- Reduced quality of life – Fatigue and palpitations can interfere with daily activities.
How Is AFib Diagnosed?
The following tests may be used to diagnose Atrial Fibrillation:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) – The primary test to detect AFib
- Holter monitor (ambulatory ECG) – Continuous rhythm monitoring over time
- Echocardiogram – Ultrasound to evaluate heart structure and function
- Blood tests – To check for underlying causes such as thyroid problems
- Exercise stress test – If symptoms are exercise-related
Treatment Options for Atrial Fibrillation
Treatment focuses on:
- Restoring and controlling heart rhythm
- Preventing blood clots and reducing stroke risk
- Managing underlying conditions
- Medications
- Rate control drugs e.g., beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers
- Rhythm control drugs-antiarrhythmics
- Blood thinners -anticoagulants such as warfarin, apixaban, or rivaroxaban
- Procedures
- Electrical cardioversion – A controlled shock to restore normal rhythm
- Catheter ablation – A minimally invasive procedure to destroy areas causing AFib
- Left atrial appendage closure (e.g., Watchman device) – For patients at risk of stroke who can’t take blood thinners
- Lifestyle Changes
- Managing high blood pressure and diabetes
- Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol
- Treating sleep apnea
- Reducing stress and improving physical fitness
Living With AFib
With the right treatment and lifestyle changes, most people with atrial fibrillation can live active, healthy lives. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor your heart rhythm and adjust treatment as needed.
When to Seek Medical Help
Seek urgent medical attention if you experience:
- Chest pain or pressure
- Severe shortness of breath
- Fainting or near-fainting
- New or worsening palpitations