What Are Ectopic Beats?
Ectopic beats are early or extra heartbeats that originate outside the heart’s normal rhythm. They disrupt the regular timing of the heartbeat, sometimes causing a sensation of a skipped beat or an extra strong beat. They are common, usually harmless, and often go unnoticed. However, in some cases, they may be a sign of an underlying cardiac condition, especially when frequent or accompanied by other symptoms.
Symptoms
Many people with ectopic beats experience no symptoms at all. When symptoms are present, they may include:
- A fluttering or “flip-flop” sensation in the chest
- Feeling of skipped or extra beats
- Mild chest discomfort or anxiety
- Occasional dizziness or fatigue
Causes and Triggers
Ectopic beats can occur in healthy hearts and may be triggered by:
- Stress or anxiety
- Caffeine or alcohol
- Smoking
- Fatigue or lack of sleep
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Certain medications
- Underlying heart disease (in less common cases)
Diagnosis
Ectopic beats can be diagnosed using:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) – a quick test to check your heart’s rhythm
- Holter monitor – a 24- to 48-hour portable heart rhythm tracker
- Echocardiogram – an ultrasound of the heart to assess structure and function
- Exercise test – to see if symptoms occur with physical activity
Ectopic beats are typically diagnosed with an electrocardiogram (ECG) or Holter monitor, which records the heart’s electrical activity. Your cardiologist may also recommend an echocardiogram or exercise stress test if further evaluation is needed.
Treatment and Management
In most cases, ectopic beats do not require treatment, especially if they are infrequent and not associated with structural heart disease. Management may include:
- Lifestyle changes, e.g.reducing caffeine, managing stress
- Monitoring and reassurance
- Medications such as beta-blockers if ectopic beats are frequent or symptomatic
- Further investigation if ectopic beats are numerous or occur in patterns suggestive of more serious arrhythmias
When to See a Cardiologist
You should consult a cardiologist if you experience:
- Frequent or persistent palpitations
- Dizziness or fainting
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- A known history of heart disease
Ectopic beats are usually benign, but they should not be ignored if they are persistent or troubling. Early evaluation helps rule out serious causes and offers reassurance.